A battery has two terminals (a positive (+) terminal and a negative (-) terminal).
Inside a battery is a solution called electrolyte.
An electrolyte is a solution that conducts electricity. It is a solution that contains free ions.
Because of that, sometimes an electrolyte is also called an ionic solution.
Examples of electrolyte are acids, bases and salts in solution.
See below to understand how a battery works
See Figure 1: 
Chemical formula for salt is NaCl. When salt dissolves in water, it produces free ions.
Positive ions are Na+ and negative ions are Cl-.
Negative ions (Cl-) are attracted to positive electrode called anode and positive ions (Na+) are attracted to negative electrode called cathode.
At the positive electrode, negative ions give up electrons that flow through the bulb and light it up and then return to the negative electrode.
At the negative electrode, positive ions take electrons.
This results in a continuous flow of electrons in the circuit and a continuous flow of ions in the electrolyte solution.
The continuous flow of electrons and ions produces electricity and electricity only occurs when there is a complete circuit or path.
The same process happens inside a battery in Figure 2.
At the positive electrode, negative ions give up electrons that flow through the bulb and light it up and then return to the positive terminal of battery.
At the negative electrode, positive ions take electrons.
This results in a continuous flow of electrons in the circuit and a continuous flow of ions in the electrolyte solution.
Electrons come out of the negative terminal (-) of a battery and flow around the circuit and re-enter the positive terminal (+) of a battery.
The continuous flow of electrons and ions produces electricity and electricity only occurs when there is a complete circuit or path.
How a battery works?
The Magic of a Battery
What is a battery?
A battery is a device that provides electricity to make our clock ticking, our electronic toy moving, our torch lighting up, our hand phone ringing and so forth.
A battery has two terminals. A positive terminal is marked with a + symbol and a negative terminal is marked with a – symbol.
Electrons come out of the negative terminal (-) and flow around the circuit and
re-enter the positive terminal (+).
The flow of electrons in a complete circuit provides us electricity and make us able to talk to our friends through a hand phone, see things at night by using a torch light and so forth.
You need two wires, a battery and a bulb to see a battery works as magic.
When the wires are connected in a complete circuit as shown, the bulb will light up.
Function of parts of plant
What is the function of roots?
• Roots hold the plants in soil.
• Roots absorb water and nutrient from the soil.
• Roots store food for plants use.
• Roots have root hairs that help to increase the surface area to absorb water and nutrient from the soil.
What is the function of stems?
• Stems act as a transport channel for water and nutrients from roots to the leaves and for food from leaves to the roots.
• Stems also support leaves, flowers and fruits.
What is the function of leaves?
• Leaves help to make food for the plants
In the presence of sunlight, leaves take in carbon dioxide gas from the air and release oxygen gas to the air and making food for the plants. Leaves supply the oxygen gas we breathe that we need to stay alive. This process is called photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis process occurs in green leaves that contain green pigments called chlorophyll.
(in the presence of sunlight)
CO2 + H2O --> sugar + O2
Carbon dioxide + water --> food + oxygen
• Leaves also help plants to respire.
What is the function of flowers?
• Flowers are the reproductive organ in the plants.
• Flowers produce seeds used for sexual reproduction.
• Flowers are usually beautiful with bright colors and fragrant to attract insects, bees
(pollinators) for pollination. Pollination process is the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma of flowers.
• Flowers help to produce fruits and carry seeds inside for reproduction of plants.
About Plants
What is a Plant?
A plant is a living thing. It makes its own food through green pigments called chlorophyll by using sunlight.
Plants are very important in our lives.
People and some animals eat plants as their food.
People make house from wood from the trees.
Some plants are used to cure people.
• sap from aloe vera plants is used to soothe pain from burns or insect bites
• herbal plants are used to cure people from illness
The most important thing about plants is that plants provide the gas we need to stay alive.
The gas is called oxygen.
During the daytime in the presence of sunlight, plants take in carbon dioxide from the air and give out oxygen to the air. This process is called photosynthesis.
Parts of a plant
• root
• stem
• leaf
• flower
Type of a plant
• flowering plant
• non flowering plant
A flowering plant is a plant that produces flowers. Example: Daisies, Sunflower and Balsam trees.
Some flowering plants also produce fruits. The flowers develop into fruits that contain seeds. Example: Papaya trees, Banana trees and Apple trees.
A non flowering plant is a plant that does not produce flowers. Example: ferns and mosses.
What do Plants need to grow?
Plants need sunlight and water to grow.
Too much of water will make the plants die. Not enough of water will make the plants wilt. Plants just need the right amount of water for healthy growth.
As plants grow, plants become taller and produce more leaves. The size of the stems also increases in size.
Life cycle of a plant
Life cycle of a plant involves several steps:
• seeds fall onto soil
• tiny root starts to sprout
• root starts to grow into the ground
• shoot grows upward
• young plant with more leaves
• adult plant
Why do plants bear fruit?
For reproduction of plants.
Inside the fruits are seeds. Seeds from fruit fall onto soil and grow into new plants.
There are many ways how the seeds fall onto the soil.
• animal’s dropping after animal eat the fruit that contain seeds
• ripe fruit fall onto the soil
• ripe fruit explode and scatter the seeds
